{"id":8705,"date":"2020-11-06T10:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-11-06T03:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/?p=8705"},"modified":"2020-11-06T10:00:47","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T03:00:47","slug":"cac-trich-dan-then-chot-tu-fratelli-tutti-tat-ca-la-anh-em","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/cac-trich-dan-then-chot-tu-fratelli-tutti-tat-ca-la-anh-em\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C TR\u00cdCH D\u1eaaN THEN CH\u1ed0T T\u1eea FRATELLI TUTTI (T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 L\u00c0 ANH EM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020 b\u1edfi Cha Matthew P. Schneider, D\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ea1o Binh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><em>\u0110an Quang T\u00e2m d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Ngu\u1ed3n: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uBTTalNeva\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/throughcatholiclenses\/2020\/10\/key-quotes-from-fratelli-tutti-part-1-chapters-1-4\/\">Key Quotes from Fratelli Tutti: Part 1 (Chapters 1-4)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Key Quotes from Fratelli Tutti: Part 1 (Chapters 1-4)&#8221; &#8212; Through Catholic Lenses\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/throughcatholiclenses\/2020\/10\/key-quotes-from-fratelli-tutti-part-1-chapters-1-4\/embed\/#?secret=QQQZljQMXF#?secret=uBTTalNeva\" data-secret=\"uBTTalNeva\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dWf6OAIXeL\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/throughcatholiclenses\/2020\/10\/key-quotes-from-fratelli-tutti-part-2-chapters-5-8\/\">Key Quotes from Fratelli Tutti: Part 2 (Chapters 5-8)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Key Quotes from Fratelli Tutti: Part 2 (Chapters 5-8)&#8221; &#8212; Through Catholic Lenses\" src=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/throughcatholiclenses\/2020\/10\/key-quotes-from-fratelli-tutti-part-2-chapters-5-8\/embed\/#?secret=vke624YYE8#?secret=dWf6OAIXeL\" data-secret=\"dWf6OAIXeL\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4m nay (4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020), \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i t\u00f4 s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u00f4i th\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee1 v\u1eeba Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p. Fratelli Tutti kh\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c n\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 15% \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n (xin xem ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n hai). T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 g\u1eb7p vua H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o: \u201cTh\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft; ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u1edf trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (1Ga 4,16). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i huynh \u0111\u1ec7. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201cch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o h\u1ecd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha\u201d (4)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p: \u201cT\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng, trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ta, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7. T\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef\u201d. (8)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed9t: Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: c\u1ea7n xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em h\u01a1n k\u1ebb th\u00f9: \u201cTrong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d. (10)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u00eau g\u00e0o ta ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m\u201d. (11)<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: \u201cC\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c coi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u00edch b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng chia r\u1ebd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec \u201ckhi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh anh em\u201d. Ta c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d. (12)<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ea1y ta c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc: \u201cNg\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd c\u00f2n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u2018gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u2019 (deconstruction), theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111ang tung ho\u00e0nh trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng\u201d. (13)<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3: \u201cC\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 gieo r\u1eafc s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u, nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. (15)<\/p>\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n: \u201cGi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch, trong \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ta ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 g\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng?\u201d (16)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: \u201cD\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecb hy sinh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, \u201cch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00edch\u201d\u2013 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a sinh, ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa\u201d\u2013 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i. Ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch\u201d. (c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n 18)<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ta thi\u1ebfu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ta d\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: \u201cT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do ta, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d. (19)<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0110\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u201d. (21) V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00e0y nay thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o trong khi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o: \u201cB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 long tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 70 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d. (22)<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ta cho th\u1ea5y ta c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTrong khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 xa hoa, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o ta \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?&#8221; (22)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y theo ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf\u201d. (25) V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i sao \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Armenia ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p hi\u1ec7n nay (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v.v.) \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai ta \u0111ang chung s\u1ed1ng. \u201cTa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u2018kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c&#8217;\u201d. (31)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i hay nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay: \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 nhanh, ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d. (35)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd [nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0] l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ta coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c x\u00e1c t\u00edn s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ta: ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i cao l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d. (39)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ra \u201cquy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u201d t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u201cTh\u1eadt k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c, trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t khoan dung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng, th\u00ec m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i \u0111ang thu h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u00edt c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ra thanh thi\u00ean b\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadt; cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb b\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00f3c, l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1eb7c danh. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tha nh\u00e2n tan v\u1ee1, v\u00e0 ngay khi ta g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf, l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e2ng tr\u00e1o soi m\u00f3i t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (42)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCh\u00fang [c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1] thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc im l\u1eb7ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, b\u00e0n tay run run, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ra m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u1eabn ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d (43) T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 li\u00ean v\u1ecb, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1i k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n h\u1ecd v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh\u201d. (48)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gieo nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta\u201d. (54). Ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hy v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u201cS\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p coi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n chung: \u201cCh\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00f4i trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean anh ta \u0111\u00f3 sao? V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00f3 sao?\u201d (Gi\u00f3p 31,15). Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa n\u1ed1t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t n\u1ecd, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd n\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 giai \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d (58).<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t: \u201cTrong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Hillel \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef t\u00edch c\u1ef1c: \u2018Trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n; v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9\u2019 (Mt 7,12). M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi, bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec Cha tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u201cl\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean k\u1ebb d\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh\u2019 (Mt 5,45)\u201d. (60)<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch. \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m h\u00e0nh hung v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m b\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngang qua \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u201d. (63)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTa h\u00e3y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u2018m\u00f9 ch\u1eef\u2019 khi \u0111\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ta. Ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, \u0111i ngang qua, l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ta\u201d. (64)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. \u201cD\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu] r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta: ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5; ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ecb ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. (68)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eaft khe nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu: \u201cM\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 b\u00ean v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Giu\u0111\u00ea v\u00e0 Samari, gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, m\u1edd \u0111i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngang b\u1ecf qua; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng b\u1ecf \u0111i\u201d. (70)<\/p>\n<p>Ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00eavi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu. \u201cD\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ta nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 lo l\u1eafng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc qua ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 d\u00f9 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 khinh b\u1ec9 hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh \u2013 khi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y L\u00eavi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u1edf m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n: ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khinh mi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 lui \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (73)<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi. Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb ta, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb con. Ta c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ta h\u00e3y tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nguy bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta\u201d. (77)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNg\u00e0i [\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu] y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ta, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. (79) B\u00e1c \u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba: H\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edf<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ta m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u201cTrong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m m\u1ed7i tr\u00e1i tim, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00ec n\u00f3 k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tha nh\u00e2n [65]. V\u00ec ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta xem ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u2018lu\u1eadt ekstasis [ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh]\u2019 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u2018\u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi\u2019 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu vi\u00ean m\u00e3n h\u01a1n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2019 [66]. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d. (88)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd: d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban. Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung\u201d. (91)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi \u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u00e0i d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb th\u1ec3 l\u00fd hay lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (94)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u2026 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d (95)<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y gi\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t\u2019 b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i lai trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u2018c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia g\u00ec\u2019. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u2018tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i&#8217;\u201d. (98)<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7: \u201cT\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y sinh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. T\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d. (103)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh: \u201cT\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u2018nguy\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n\u2019\u201d. (106)<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh ra: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd\u201d. (107)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n 109 kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eafc ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1eady r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00f4 lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111em g\u00ec t\u1ed1t cho ta. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch xung kh\u1eafc nhau\u201d. (113)<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh: \u201cGia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb, quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. (114)<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u da, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, n\u01a1i sinh ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. (118)<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb hai Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ta v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ta m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd n\u1eefa\u201d \u2013 Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u. \u201cKhi ta cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ta \u0111ang \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ta\u201d. \u2013 Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 (119)<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu. \u201cTruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 h\u1eefu\u201d. (120)<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. \u201cHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, t\u1ef1 trong y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cao qu\u00fd, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2019. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ta, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. Trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ra v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. (123)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cQuy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chung h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d.(123)<\/p>\n<p>Ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u201cN\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1t mong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. (127)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed1n: M\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng di c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n: \u201cL\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c di d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong b\u1ed1n t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u00e2y: ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp\u201d. (129)<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u00e0m ta th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa: \u201cVi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n ph\u00fac, v\u00ec \u2018c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a di d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n mang t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8217;\u201d. (133)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau: \u201cTa c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3. Ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tinh. N\u1ebfu ta b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i, th\u00ec ta c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u. R\u00fat c\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u00e8o \u0111i\u201d. (137)<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng! Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a. Ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng nhau, c\u1ea3 hai ng\u0103n ta r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a\u2026 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cam ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi t\u00ednh m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban t\u1eb7ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u201d. (142)<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u201cC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi &#8216;ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c&#8217; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. (143)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ta. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng du nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u00fang theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi, chung cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c r\u00fat c\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d. (148)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cS\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch khi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3\u201d. (149)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u0103m: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch. Bu\u1ed3n thay, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng mang c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c\u201d. (154)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNg\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung h\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi xanh\u201d (155) T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u2018ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay\u2019 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Ho\u1eb7c khi, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi, d\u00f9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n h\u01a1n hay tinh vi h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. (159)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u2026 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, \u2018gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u2019\u201d. (162)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c mang l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. (165) Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u201cM\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d. (166)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, cho d\u00f9 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tin v\u00e0o t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d. (168) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u00e1ch b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i: \u201cTr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2013 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (171)<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cC\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\u201d. (173)<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u201cCh\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng\u201d. (177)<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00e1c \u00e1i: \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i cao qu\u00fd\u201d. (180)<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi\u201d. (183)<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd &amp; \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. \u2018\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u2019\u201d. (185)<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i, l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ta l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn do \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. (187)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n tu\u00fd. \u201cM\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em nam n\u1eef, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d. (188)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cH\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tai ti\u1ebfng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c; th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u201d. (189) N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6: \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i song h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1edfi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 hung h\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u201d. (200)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i: \u201cs\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1ed3n \u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m\u201d. (201)<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng\u2026 Khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. (203)<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta ra s\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c: \u201cTa c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch thao t\u00fang, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o v\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u2019 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00fang b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d. (208)<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ch quan: \u201cTh\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u201d. (211)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: \u201cS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t trong v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u201d. (212)<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1edfi m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1i \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ed5 sung, l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng l\u1eabn nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hy sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d. (215)<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3: \u201cH\u00f2a b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 mong manh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. H\u00f2a nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d. (217)<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u201cM\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng khoan dung ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong khi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eadyc\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (221)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cL\u00f2ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i khi ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng ng\u0103n ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ng\u00e0y nay, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian l\u1eabn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u2018xin l\u1ed7i\u2019, \u2018xin b\u1ecf qua cho t\u00f4i\u2019, \u2018c\u1ea3m \u01a1n\u2019\u201d. (224)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3y: C\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cC\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d. (225)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba\u201d. (227)<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau, chung vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (228)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u2018x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i khi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an nhi\u00ean\u2019\u201d. (230)<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec: \u201cVi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019\u201d. (232)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u1edbt h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ta n\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u201d. (234) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh danh, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta: \u201cTa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ai; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, hay \u0111\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebb \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebb \u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb \u1ea5y ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eafn kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tha th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i\u201d. (241)<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00fd: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdc gi\u1eadn, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m hay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3\u201d. (242)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u00ed t\u00edch ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i: \u201cH\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho d\u00f9 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa\u201d. (246)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean: \u201cTha th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e1 hay che gi\u1ea5u, th\u00ec tha th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung th\u1ee9, bi\u1ec7n minh hay b\u1ecf qua, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m tha th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cao qu\u00fd, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tha th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u1ebfu tha th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xin tha th\u1ee9\u201d. (250)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cC\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng \u00edch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat x\u1ea3 c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tha th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ta theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y b\u00e1o th\u00f9 hay s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00ec qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng\u201d. (252)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i\u201d. (257)<\/p>\n<p>Ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. \u201cTrong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018bi\u1ec7n minh\u2019. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u0169 trang qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u2018\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u2019 (239) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n mang t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai tr\u00e1i ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u2018ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7\u2019, hay nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra \u2018nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef c\u1ea7n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u2019\u201d. (258) \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf thuy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cXem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y [s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u0169 kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc], ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a\u2019. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa!\u201d (258) Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI n\u00f3i v\u1edbi LHQ n\u0103m 1965: \u201cKh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa! Ch\u00ednh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTheo l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan XXIII: \u2018Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u2019\u201d. (260) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef\u201d. (261) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc ta r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cB\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 r\u0103n \u0111e b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c sinh h\u1ecdc\u2026 Ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d. (262) Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 n\u0103m qua v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb(\u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u00e1n ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh: \u201cTh\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng x\u00e9t theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. (246) Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d (247) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. (263)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p\u201d. Lactantius (Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i S\u01a1 khai) Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Nicholas I y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u201ctr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1eefa\u201d. (265)<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1o th\u00f9. \u201cS\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 o\u00e1n h\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. (266)<\/p>\n<p>Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. \u201c\u2019Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch\u2019. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t x\u1eed hay ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u2018c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1eadt v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra tay\u2019\u201d. (267)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao t\u00f9, v\u00ec t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00e1n t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n\u2026 H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u00e1n t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh b\u00ed m\u1eadt.\u201d (268) Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1n t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm hoi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. (271)<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Cha: \u201cV\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00edn h\u1eefu, ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi Cha c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd do v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d. (272)<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngay ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d (273)<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0: \u201cTrong khi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u2018Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1\u2019 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u2018\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m linh\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n\u201d. (276)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i: \u201c\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. (276)<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u: \u201cKit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00ednh ta qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d. (279)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cM\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c theo Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn v\u1eady\u201d. (281)<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh hoa tr\u00e1i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9: \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2018kh\u00f4ng sinh hoa tr\u00e1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u2018ai kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u2019 (1 Gioan 4, 8)\u201d. (283)<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng chia r\u1ebd, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t h\u1eadn th\u00f9, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi\u201d. (284)<\/p>\n<p>Ta h\u00e3y k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (287):<\/p>\n<p><em>L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang con,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>xin tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang con m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady trong ch\u00fang con gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Xin th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang con ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng h\u01a1n,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Xin cho tr\u00e1i tim ch\u00fang con r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nguy\u1ec7n xin ch\u00fang con nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 gieo v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang con,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 chung. Amen.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p: \u201cT\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng, trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ta, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7. T\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8707,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[90],"series":[],"class_list":["post-8705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se","tag-dtc-phanxico-thong-diep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8705\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8705"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=8705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}