{"id":8441,"date":"2020-09-14T11:46:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T04:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/?p=8441"},"modified":"2020-09-14T14:22:52","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T07:22:52","slug":"hon-nhan-quan-diem-thiet-thuc-ve-tinh-duc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/hon-nhan-quan-diem-thiet-thuc-ve-tinh-duc\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0169 V\u0103n An<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t do b\u1ed1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng sau \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 b\u1ed1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean l\u00e0: b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 tha h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u1ea7m \u0129 t\u1eebng b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960. Nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 cho r\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng (dissent) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Vatican v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 giao h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec1n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ng\u1eeba thai, ph\u00e1 thai, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, v\u00e0 li d\u1ecb. H\u1ecd coi vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ai c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201ct\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho nhau\u201d (m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II) m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m sinh s\u1ea3n con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y mang t\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u1eefa, coi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1i \u1ea5m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd coi c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phu th\u00ea nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, h\u1ecd t\u1ecf \u00fd nghi ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 ly d\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ngay trong l\u00f2ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cho vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu x\u01b0a nay cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ho\u00e0i nghi. Tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng khi th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c xem ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, \u201cs\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, ph\u00e1 thai, c\u00e1c \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh AIDS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tan v\u1ee1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 v\u1eabn coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u00f4ng khai x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i coi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 nam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0103n nh\u1eb1m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd coi nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tha h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n. D\u00f9 theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tha h\u00f3a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u201cc\u1eed tri\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O HU\u1ea4N C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba r\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sinh s\u1ea3n. Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u coi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. C\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u coi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan y\u1ebfu bao l\u00e2u ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 v\u1eabn coi t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ck\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3\u201d sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1930 (v\u1edbi Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Casti Connubii c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI). M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra v\u1edbi hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Vui M\u1eebng v\u00e0 Hy V\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae Vitae trong \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ngang nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. Tuy th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a giao h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u201ct\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh cam k\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i; v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n, theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee5 thai.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u201ct\u00ednh d\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 li\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hoan l\u1ea1c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u00fa t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e9o m\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 (patriarchy) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean khu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Phong tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean khu\u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ly d\u1ecb cao, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u01b0\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ea5y nhau th\u1eed ch\u01a1i\u201d (trial marriages), nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2 d\u1eabm kh\u00f4n ngoan. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ph\u00fac c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7. H\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u00fa th\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u nghi v\u1ea5n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tranh c\u00e3i nhau v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ng\u1eeba thai, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v.v…. N\u1ebfu ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i \u1ea5y, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

BA CHI\u1ec0U K\u00cdCH C\u1ee6A T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p g\u00ec? Ng\u00e0y nay, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta? Theo thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ean g\u1ed3m t\u00f3m trong ba chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c: (1) t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac th\u1ec3 l\u00fd \u0111i t\u00ecm hoan l\u1ea1c; (2) t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt hay t\u00ecnh y\u00eau; (3) t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sinh s\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

(1) T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4i th\u00fac th\u1ec3 l\u00fd. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nghi ng\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c hay c\u00e1c th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n sinh l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf ch\u1ed7 s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n sinh l\u00fd \u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ebb g\u1eaby c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thao t\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1i \u201cs\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u1eefa, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ecf ra qu\u00e1 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201cni\u1ec1m vui t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c\u201d. Tuy th\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4i th\u00fac th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 vui kho\u00e1i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n duy l\u00fd h\u00f3a t\u00e1c phong t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt. Th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 vui h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1u chung nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n. D\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xem ra hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi b\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt gia t\u0103ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Coi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ta hay t\u1ecf ra y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau, t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cam k\u1ebft n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n: m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i. L\u00e0m t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m h\u1eadu k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng trong cam k\u1ebft li\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thao t\u00fang, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. L\u00e0m t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho. T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft ta v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c giao hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i do ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd sinh ra. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 con, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kia. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 thai v\u00e0 sinh con c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u00fd nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft trung th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn coi th\u00f3i quen \u201cs\u1ed1ng chung\u201d v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1i th\u00f3i quen \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a cam k\u1ebft t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Uganda nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng, trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngay trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb qua m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00f4 d\u00e2u, ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, c\u1eb7p trai g\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n n\u1eb1m v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 con v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p trai g\u00e1i trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong ki\u1ec3u \u201ch\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn\u201d t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4i trai g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbi nhau \u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea1i Uganda, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111ang l\u1edbn l\u00ean kia v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f4i trai g\u00e1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf qua l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o, r\u0103n \u0111e v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i s\u0103n s\u00f3c b\u00e0y tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 ngay b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i chia tay. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u Phi, trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec1u mang theo m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbi xin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Matthi\u00eau v\u00e0 Luca khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Maria c\u00f3 thai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. C\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ea5y nhau trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n ra cam k\u1ebft, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 con, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sinh s\u1ea3n. Trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f3 \u201cb\u00e1n\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 vui kh\u00f3ai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb thu nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 con ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u x\u00e9t theo c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi sinh d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m sinh s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 con theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00edn th\u01b0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Lam\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i cung hi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u1ec5 coi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cam k\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, c\u00f3 con v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00c1I KI\u1ec0NG BA CH\u00c2N<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u00ean, l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi, n\u1eb1m trong quan ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft r\u1eaby b\u1ecf nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp (integrated reality), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai \u201cth\u00e0nh t\u1ed1\u201d mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng khoan dung m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c coi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cx\u1ea5u xa\u201d, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, c\u00f2n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u201d. Quan ni\u1ec7m phi nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hay m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 chung. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n hay kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt li\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh con kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ba \u201cbi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1\u201d bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, hay l\u00e0 ba \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n (embodied realities), v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau qua t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 phu th\u00ea v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed. T\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh cha con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb qua t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 hai li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u1eefa. T\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00e2n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 qua t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con. T\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00e2n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qua s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y di truy\u1ec1n (genetic link), v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 x\u1eed (dilemmas) v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd hay c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ec3 l\u00fd h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3). Ba m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. X\u00e9t theo m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, v\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, cam k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9). Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3. Trong ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (sine qua non), n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ki\u1ec1ng ba ch\u00e2n kia. V\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh (personhood) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kia (giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 con) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eeba thai, vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1t qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7u sao cho n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm mu\u1ed9n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1t qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u1ee5 thai, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb qua t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1eefa ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1t khao c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i gi\u00e2y phu th\u00ea, \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed kia \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eb7ng d\u1eef (donor sperm) ho\u1eb7c cung l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u00e0 m\u1eb9 th\u1ebf\u201d (surrogate mother) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t trong hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1eafn ch\u1eafn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ti\u00eau\u201d (indissolubility) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong c\u00e1i ki\u1ec1ng ba ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn ta \u0111i xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ta ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nhau. N\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m ki\u00ean t\u00e2m, h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9. D\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ly d\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh bao nhi\u00eau ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, th\u00ec xem ra vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1\u00a0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ly d\u1ecb l\u00e0 do n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong quan ni\u1ec7m C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c coi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n con c\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng (sidetracked) b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft chung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1n hao bao nhi\u00eau sinh l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1eedi t\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ta c\u1ea7n nghe nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, duy v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n k\u00ea khai c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cgi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u201d. \u201cTh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p\u201d C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd neo c\u1ee9ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu nghe th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh c\u1eed to\u1ea1 \u0111ang nghe h\u1ecd n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft theo Lisa Sowle Cahill, Commonweal 117:15 (14 September 1990): 497-503<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t do b\u1ed1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng sau \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 b\u1ed1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean l\u00e0: b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 tha h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[89],"series":[],"class_list":["post-8441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doi-song-gia-dinh","tag-hon-nhan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8441"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8441\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8441"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=8441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}