{"id":7716,"date":"2020-04-08T10:13:40","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T03:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/?p=7716"},"modified":"2020-04-08T10:15:58","modified_gmt":"2020-04-08T03:15:58","slug":"tai-sao-co-su-du-va-dau-kho-trong-doi-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/tai-sao-co-su-du-va-dau-kho-trong-doi-song\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 S\u1ef1 D\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0110au Kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

LM Matth\u00eau Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Hy PSS<\/span><\/p>\n

I. Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

N\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch covid-19, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb V\u0169 H\u00e1n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh n\u0103m nay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u201ct\u1eeb xa\u201d qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111ai d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 trong tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m Cu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3, S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qua nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch covid-19 khi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 1.2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 67 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong? [mfn]Con s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 5-4-2020.[\/mfn] T\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng A b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0? T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0 B b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft khi \u0111ang \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111ang c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n? T\u1ea1i sao anh C \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb xe t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i? <\/i> Hay tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Khi Hitler gi\u1ebft s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u01a1i ng\u1ea1t, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i oan \u1ee9c, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? <\/i><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1 309 d\u1ea1y \u201cN\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, \u00d0\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef?\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef (s\u1ef1 \u00e1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u2018t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1eef x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng\u2019 v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i nhau\u2026). S\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i, n\u00fai l\u1eeda, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt\u2026) kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng theo hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, v\u00ec t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1eadp chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 n\u0103m 2007 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (c\u1ea7u s\u1eadp \u0111\u00e8 ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi) hay s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1ed7i (v\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, \u0103n c\u1eafp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gian d\u1ed1i trong thi c\u00f4ng\u2026) g\u00e2y s\u1eadp c\u1ea7u. D\u1ecbch Covid-19 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e2y lan t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t virus \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt???…) hay s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i nhau, nh\u01b0ng sai l\u1ea7m trong ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khi\u1ebfn virus b\u1ecb l\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i??). Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y lan nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a virus n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd hay t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u00f9 sao, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1eafn t\u1eaft n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n khi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, thay v\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

II. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/h3>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn logic l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh. V\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, tri\u1ebft gia Epicurus (341-270 BC) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc khi \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c David Hume (1711-1776) l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: \u201cC\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3? V\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba? V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 d\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng?\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

1. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/b><\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o D\u1ef1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b>, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft (dualism) c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hai th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, T\u1ed1t v\u00e0 X\u1ea5u. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t trong hai Th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia), hay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c T\u1ed1t-X\u1ea5u n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5[mfn]Nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Kinh th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Gnosticism (V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 Thuy\u1ebft) v\u00e0 Manichaeism (Thuy\u1ebft Mani). Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Zarathustra (th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mani (ch\u1ebft 276) khai th\u00e1c th\u00eam. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i \u2013 \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, Tr\u1eafng-\u0110en, N\u00f3ng-L\u1ea1nh…[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b>, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c T\u1ed1t hay X\u1ea5u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u201ch\u00ean\u201d hay \u201cxui\u201d kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, hay m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh[mfn]L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft gia Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy Danh Lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a (nominalisticism). [\/mfn].<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b>, thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri Lu\u1eadn (agnosticism) cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec m\u1ecdi l\u00fd l\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Voltaire, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Candide,Ou L\u2019Optimisme<\/i>, c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y[mfn]Tri\u1ebft gia Gottfried W. Leibnitz l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 D\u1eef. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i logic c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Leibnitz cho Descartes. Nh\u01b0ng Voltaire, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Candide,Ou L\u2019Optimisme, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Leibniz v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri Lu\u1eadn, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/b>, thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cgieo gi\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1eb7p b\u00e3o.\u201d [mfn] Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gioan 9:1-2 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi sinh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu cho l\u00e0 do t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh ta hay c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 anh ta. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda sai ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean Adam v\u00e0 Eva v\u00ec b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 (xem Gen 3:16-18). D\u00f9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3.[\/mfn] Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, Nho gi\u00e1o\u2026. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong Tin M\u1eebng Gioan 9:1-12 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi sinh? T\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh ta hay c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 anh ta? V\u00ec m\u00f9 t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi sinh n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn anh ta ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u00ean t\u1ed9i; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i cha m\u1eb9 anh th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu? B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n. Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng Gi\u00f3p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00ean \u00e1n (John 9:2-3)<\/p>\n

2. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn logic<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. V\u1eady s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

a. N\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.
\nb. N\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.
\nc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eeba To\u00e0n N\u0103ng – To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c logic c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. Khi th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 tr\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y, th\u00ec ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Khi ta n\u00f3i: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1\u201d <\/i>, c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay sao? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kinh th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u201cv\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d <\/i> (Mt. 19:26), nh\u01b0ng Kinh th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i (Titus. 1:2), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, hay c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (James 1:13). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c, hay l\u00e0m sai th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao l\u1ea1i \u201cng\u1eafn\u201d h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n\u2026[mfn]\u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u201cto\u00e0n n\u0103ng\u201d n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay cho tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 bay nhanh h\u01a1n chim, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201cnh\u1eb9\u201d h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201cbay\u201d nhanh h\u01a1n chim. \u0110i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bay 50 km\/gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n 100 km\/gi\u1edd, hay 10 kg l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n 5 kg. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.[\/mfn] V\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 do, v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn logic<\/i> tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng cho ta m\u1ed9t logic l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

N\u00ean trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa To\u00e0n N\u0103ng v\u00e0 To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ee5t, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt\u2026) th\u00ec sao? L\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n ta s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft <\/b>l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa quan ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng Gi\u00f3p khi c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa To\u00e0n N\u0103ng (xem Job 38-41). N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do n\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 d\u1eef x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n hay khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch em l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 mu\u1ed1n cho em. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft bao \u0111i\u1ec1u chung quanh ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 ta c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c ly t\u00e2m, s\u1ee9c h\u00fat tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b> l\u00e0 thanh luy\u1ec7n<\/i>. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 thanh luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n[mfn] Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Origen, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean (xem De principiis, s\u00e1ch I, V,1). Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201chu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c (xem De principiis, s\u00e1ch I, V,3). S\u1ef1 D\u1eef b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[\/mfn]. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, nh\u01b0 trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Roma: \u201cTh\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u00e1nh sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi vinh quang m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta.\u201d <\/i> (Rom 8:18). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 nh\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec danh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00ec danh Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 \u00edch. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: li\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7?<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Irenaeus (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2) cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u T\u1ed1t. Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 g\u00ec khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u2013 x\u1ea5u cho m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh[mfn]John Hick, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, khai th\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Ireneaus trong cu\u1ed1n Evil and the God of Love (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1978).[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b> l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa<\/i>. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra d\u00f9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra hay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec1u do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef x\u1ea3y ra. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch Ng\u00e0i. V\u1eady, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd (v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o? T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/b> l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/i>. M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, gi\u00e0 nua, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u2026 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (nh\u01b0 \u0111au khi m\u1ecdc r\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi). T\u1ef1u trung, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. V\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Cha Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb \u201cti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1\u201d. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i, n\u00fai l\u1eeda\u2026) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay t\u1eeb khi t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean. Do d\u00f3, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, h\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1[mfn]Xem Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Future of Man, New York: Harper & Row Publisher, 1964, p. 261.[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

4. Th\u00e1nh Augustine v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ti\u00ean phong c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p kh\u00e1 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y[mfn] Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Augustine v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Julian. Xem John M. Rist, Augustine (New York: Cambridge University press, 1994) p. 261.[\/mfn]. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng (Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1) v\u00e0 To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n (Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n y\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c)[mfn]Khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, Augustine theo nh\u00f3m Manichean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft, cho l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 T\u1ed1t-X\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, Augustine ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.[\/mfn]. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1ng tin, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o) c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1eef[mfn]Xem De Civitate Dei, ch. xII.[\/mfn]. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? Th\u00e1nh Augustine gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef l\u00e0 do v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i[mfn]Xem Augustine, De Civitate Dei, XI, CHAP. 9, v\u00e0 Confessiones, VII: [XII] 18. Th\u00e1nh Augustine s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu Plato (Neo-Platonism) khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Thi\u1ec7n.[\/mfn]. Th\u00e1nh Augustine c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn). Nh\u01b0ng khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 quay m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n, hay khi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. V\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustine k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00e9m h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n[mfn]Xem Augustine, De Civitate Dei, XII, CHAP. 6, v\u00e0 Confessiones, VII: [III] 5.[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

5. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustine hay l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169 v\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, xa v\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang theo nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b> l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/i>. S\u1ef1 d\u1eef ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa L\u00e0 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00e9t x\u1eed\u201d Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b> l\u00e0 quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/i> khi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gian. V\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u (c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026) m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. D\u00f9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc mong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ed1t-X\u1ea5u l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b> l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/i> qua ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Augustine cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, hay nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Irenaeus cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, John Hick (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y) cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u1eef gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ta.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/b> l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/i> nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, t\u1ed9i \u00e1c\u2026 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. L\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.<\/p>\n

III. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/h3>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5) trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng cho ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 d\u1eef ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d <\/i>. D\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft<\/b>, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang trong q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1<\/i>. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1ed1 310 d\u1ea1y: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eef n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n?\u201d <\/i> Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201ctrong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d <\/i> h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o sau c\u00f9ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh khi \u201cc\u00e1i n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i kia bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u201d <\/i> (nh\u01b0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00fai m\u1edbi trong khi n\u00fai gi\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cV\u00ec v\u1eady bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd.\u201d <\/i>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef[mfn] Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o 310 – T\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eef n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? X\u00e9t theo quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (x. T. T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn 1, 25, 6). Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u1eeb\u01a1i, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u201cti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. Theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd (x. T. T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, s. gent 3. 71).[\/mfn].<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/b>, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/i>. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, Ng\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 d\u1eef x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf gian. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1ed1 311: \u201cThi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do\u2026trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u00fat l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.\u201d[mfn]Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o 311 – Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 y\u00eau ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, cho d\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (x. T. \u00c2u-tinh, lib 1, 1, 1; Th. T\u00f4ma Aqu, s. th, 1-2, 79, 1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u00fat l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. [\/mfn] <\/i>[16] Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd, b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.\u201d <\/i> Nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd 313 d\u1ea1y: \u201cM\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ai y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d <\/i> (Rm 8, 28). V\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd 312 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a ta t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b>, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd to\u00e0n th\u1eafng<\/i>. S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1ed1 314 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ta tin r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd to\u00e0n th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong ng\u00e0y sau h\u1ebft. Trong ng\u00e0y \u201cm\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t\u201d \u0111\u00f3 (1 Cor 13:12), ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 v\u1eefng l\u00f2ng tin.<\/p>\n

IV. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

\u0110au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hay t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta tin nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta TIN ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1 324 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m k\u1ebft: \u201cVi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1edd Con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u00d0\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. \u00d0\u1ee9c tin gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 d\u1eef xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

——————-<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: <\/u>
\n[1] Con s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 5-4-2020.
\n[2] Nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Kinh th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Gnosticism (V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 Thuy\u1ebft) v\u00e0 Manichaeism (Thuy\u1ebft Mani). Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Zarathustra (th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mani (ch\u1ebft 276) khai th\u00e1c th\u00eam. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 B\u00f3ng T\u1ed1i \u2013 \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, Tr\u1eafng-\u0110en, N\u00f3ng-L\u1ea1nh…
\n[3] L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft gia Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy Danh Lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a (nominalisticism).
\n[4] Tri\u1ebft gia Gottfried W. Leibnitz l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 D\u1eef. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i logic c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Leibnitz cho Descartes. Nh\u01b0ng Voltaire, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Candide,Ou L\u2019Optimisme, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Leibniz v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri Lu\u1eadn, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\n[5] Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gioan 9:1-2 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi sinh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu cho l\u00e0 do t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh ta hay c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 anh ta. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda sai ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean Adam v\u00e0 Eva v\u00ec b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 (xem Gen 3:16-18). D\u00f9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3.
\n[6] \u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u201cto\u00e0n n\u0103ng\u201d n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay cho tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 bay nhanh h\u01a1n chim, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201cnh\u1eb9\u201d h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u201cbay\u201d nhanh h\u01a1n chim. \u0110i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bay 50 km\/gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n 100 km\/gi\u1edd, hay 10 kg l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n 5 kg. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t.
\n[7] Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Origen, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean (xem De principiis, s\u00e1ch I, V,1). Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201chu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c (xem De principiis, s\u00e1ch I, V,3). S\u1ef1 D\u1eef b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\n[8] John Hick, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, khai th\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Ireneaus trong cu\u1ed1n Evil and the God of Love (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1978).
\n[9] Xem Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Future of Man, New York: Harper & Row Publisher, 1964, p. 261.
\n[10] Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Augustine v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Julian. Xem John M. Rist, Augustine (New York: Cambridge University press, 1994) p. 261.
\n[11] Khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, Augustine theo nh\u00f3m Manichean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft, cho l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 T\u1ed1t-X\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, Augustine ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
\n[12] Xem De Civitate Dei, ch. xII.
\n[13] Xem Augustine, De Civitate Dei, XI, CHAP. 9, v\u00e0 Confessiones, VII: [XII] 18. Th\u00e1nh Augustine s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu Plato (Neo-Platonism) khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Thi\u1ec7n.
\n[14] Xem Augustine, De Civitate Dei, XII, CHAP. 6, v\u00e0 Confessiones, VII: [III] 5.
\n[15] Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o 310 – T\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eef n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? X\u00e9t theo quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (x. T. T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn 1, 25, 6). Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u1eeb\u01a1i, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u201cti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u201d h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. Theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd (x. T. T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, s. gent 3. 71).
\n[16] Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o 311 – Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 y\u00eau ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, cho d\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (x. T. \u00c2u-tinh, lib 1, 1, 1; Th. T\u00f4ma Aqu, s. th, 1-2, 79, 1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u00fat l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111ai d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 trong tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m Cu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3, S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qua nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[86],"series":[],"class_list":["post-7716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se","tag-su-du"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7716"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=7716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}