![](\"https:\/\/hanhkhatkito.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/word-image-290364-1.png\")
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1. <\/strong>Trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh: \u201c<\/em>T\u00f4i tin k\u00ednh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con M\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026 v\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf\u201d<\/em>, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa \u2013 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u2013 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 1700 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n Khi t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Chuy\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc mong T\u00f4ng Th\u01b0 n\u00e0y kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i canh t\u00e2n l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gia s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9. K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1700 n\u0103m C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung Nic\u00eaa\u201d<\/em>. T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n 2. <\/strong>\u201cKh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u Tin M\u1eebng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d: v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh M\u00e1cc\u00f4 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u01a1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh l\u00e0m Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 Con c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta (x. Rm 1,9). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u201cxin v\u00e2ng\u201d d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 (x. 2 Cr 1,19-20). N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a Tin M\u1eebng theo th\u00e1nh Gioan n\u00f3i \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta<\/em>\u201d (Ga 1,14). N\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb em n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (x. Mt 25,40).<\/p>\n Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y quan ph\u00f2ng khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1700 n\u0103m C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung Nic\u00eaa l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 325, \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, trong m\u1ed7i Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa-Constantinopolis, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebft bao lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, thi\u00ean tai, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, c\u00f9ng qu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u anh ch\u1ecb em ch\u00fang ta, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n hy v\u1ecdng cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n 3. <\/strong>Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. Khi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 325, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu g\u00e2y ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i. S\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 Milan (n\u0103m 313), do hai ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Constantinus v\u00e0 Licinius ban h\u00e0nh, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau nh\u1eefng \u0111e do\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00f9ng l\u00ean b\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n Ari\u00f4, m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c \u1edf Alexandria, b\u00ean Ai C\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 trung gian gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u2013 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Con \u201cch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u00ean tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf r\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n cho tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef can \u0111\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Alexander th\u00e0nh Alexandria nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh. V\u00ec Ari\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i, Alexander \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Libya, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng g\u1eedi th\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u1ede T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u00f4s\u00ed\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Cordoba, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n ki\u00ean trung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong th\u1eddi b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Maximian\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Sylvester, t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ari\u00f4 c\u0169ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. L\u00fd do g\u00e2y tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i X\u00eadar\u00ea Philipph\u00ea: \u201cC\u00f2n anh em, anh em b\u1ea3o Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ai?\u201d (Mt 16,15).<\/p>\n 4. <\/strong>Khi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Constantinus nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u2013 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u2013 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201cph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d, t\u1ea1i Nic\u00eaa, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a 318 Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5\u201d, do ch\u00ednh Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch tra t\u1ea5n trong th\u1eddi b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Sylvester \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u00f4s\u00ed\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Cordoba, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n sai th\u00eam hai linh m\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n 5. <\/strong>C\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng trong b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y theo l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: \u201cV\u1eady anh em h\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda cho h\u1ecd nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d<\/em> (Mt 28,19). \u1ede T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cKinh Tin K\u00ednh c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3\u201d. <\/a>[1]<\/a><\/sup> T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin khi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef uy\u00ean b\u00e1c hay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u2013 nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 quanh Bi\u1ec3n h\u1ed3 Galil\u00ea.<\/p>\n Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng: \u201cT\u00f4i tin k\u00ednh m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u2026 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/em> <\/a>[2]<\/a><\/sup> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 x\u00e1c t\u00edn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Tranh lu\u1eadn n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do Ari\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t ra: danh x\u01b0ng \u201cCon Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh? Do \u0111\u00f3, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cCon Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (ousia<\/em>) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (homoo\u00fasios<\/em>) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4. <\/a>[3]<\/a><\/sup> \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng hai t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u2013 ousia<\/em> v\u00e0 homoo\u00fasios<\/em> \u2013 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd thay th\u1ebf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u201cHy L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 Nic\u00eaa.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 Nic\u00eaa ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng xa v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ch\u00fang ta n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n 6. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 \u2013 v\u1ed1n quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin khi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng b\u1edfi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt.\u201d<\/em> C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d<\/em> (1 Ga 1,3; x. Ga 1,4-5). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng lan to\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, th\u00ec Ng\u00f4i Con l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu (apaugasma) vinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u00edn (character<\/em>) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (hypostasis<\/em>)\u201d (x. Dt 1,3; 2 Cr 4,4). Ng\u00f4i Con nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (x. Ga 8,12). Nh\u1edd b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y, \u201cm\u1eaft l\u00f2ng\u201d ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai s\u00e1ng (x. Ep 1,18), \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho tr\u1ea7n gian (x. Mt 5,14).<\/p>\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng Con l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt\u201d. Trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n, Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9: l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Abraham, Isaac v\u00e0 Giac\u00f3p; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho M\u00f4s\u00ea n\u01a1i b\u1ee5i gai ch\u00e1y (x. Xh 3,14); l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau than c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd qua hoang \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9t l\u1eeda (x. Xh 13,21); l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m (x. \u0110nl 5,26) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t h\u1ecd (x. Hs 11,8-9). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (x. Cv 12,25; 1 Tx 1,9). Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i X\u00eadar\u00ea Philipph\u00ea, Simon Ph\u00ear\u00f4 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng: \u201cTh\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d<\/em> (Mt 16,16).<\/p>\n 7. <\/strong>Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o (x. Ga 10,10). V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u1ea5y, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin khi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y: Ng\u00f4i Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cv\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh\u2026 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft\u2026 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u2026 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi\u2026 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Alexander, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Alexandria t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i Con, \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf, \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a (deificavit) nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d <\/a>[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu Ng\u00f4i Con th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: b\u1edfi l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta; ch\u1ec9 duy M\u1ed9t M\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edd Con c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do (x. Gl 5,1).<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb descendit<\/em> \u2013 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf\u201d. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \u201c[\u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4] \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y, m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n\u201d (Pl 2,7). L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a Tin M\u1eebng Gioan c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cNg\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta\u201d (Ga 1,14). Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d (Dt 4,15). Trong \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (x. Ga 13,1\u201317). Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tay m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh s\u01b0\u1eddn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m th\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 T\u00f4ma m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, l\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con!\u201d<\/em> (Ga 20,28).<\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu: \u201cNh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta\u201d<\/em> (Mt 25,40). Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa xa v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean vinh quang v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m\u201d (became flesh<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qua vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u1eeb \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m\u201d (man<\/em>) sau t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u201d (incarnate<\/em>). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, Nic\u00eaa ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea1c cho r\u1eb1ng Logos ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 v\u1ed1n mang n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Calcedonia (451) sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u2013 c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u1eabn linh h\u1ed3n. Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1. <\/a>[5]<\/a><\/sup> C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyon v\u00e0 Origen, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf phong ph\u00fa trong linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 (divinization<\/em>) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ct\u1ef1 th\u00e2n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1\u201d m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y mu\u1ed1n \u201ctr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (x. St 3,5). Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng. Qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, nay l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng h\u01a1n (x. 2 Pr 1,4).<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cth\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d). B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean, khao kh\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 y\u00ean trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. <\/a>[6]<\/a><\/sup> \u201cDeus enim solus satiat \u2013 ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/em> <\/a>[7]<\/a><\/sup> Ch\u1ec9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u00f4i Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn tr\u1edf n\u00ean anh em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n 8. <\/strong>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ari\u00f4. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Ari\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Constantinus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ecf ra \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 phe Ari\u00f4. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef homoo\u00fasios<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa phe Nic\u00eaa v\u00e0 phe ch\u1ed1ng Nic\u00eaa, l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e1nh Basili\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Caesarea m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, v\u00ed n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn th\u1ee7y chi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n b\u00e3o d\u1eef. <\/a>[8]<\/a><\/sup> C\u00f2n Th\u00e1nh Hilari\u00f4 th\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c theo thuy\u1ebft Ari\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cL\u1ed7 tai c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00f2ng tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/em> <\/a>[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean tr\u00ec b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi to\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Alexandria \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m l\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 M\u00f4s\u00ea, Athanasi\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Nic\u00eaa\u201d. \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m ba v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Cappadocia: Th\u00e1nh Basili\u00f4 C\u1ea3 (kho\u1ea3ng 330\u2013379), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea3\u201d; em ru\u1ed9t ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Nyssa (335\u2013394); v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Basili\u00f4 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 Nazianz\u00ean\u00f4 (329\/30\u2013390). \u1ede T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed3m Th\u00e1nh Hilari\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Poitiers (k. 315\u2013367), m\u00f4n sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Martin\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Tours (k. 316\u2013397), v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Milan (333\u2013397) c\u00f9ng Th\u00e1nh Augustine th\u00e0nh Hippo (354\u2013430).<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb Cappadocia l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ba Ng\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Constantinopolis I (381). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh mang t\u00ean \u201cKinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis\u201d, v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i tin k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Cha m\u00e0 ra; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y.\u201d<\/em> <\/a>[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n T\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Calcedonia (451), C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Constantinopolis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. <\/a>[11]<\/a><\/sup> Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n Kinh Tin K\u00ednh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n 9. <\/strong><\/strong>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa \u2013 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Constantinopolis v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Calcedonia ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 XXI \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u201cnh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta ghi d\u1ea5u th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed7i th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh trong Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Gi\u1edd Kinh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi tung h\u00f4: \u201cS\u00e1ng danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.\u201d C\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo ch\u1eb7t n\u01a1i Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n: H\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Kinh Tin K\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Kinh Tin K\u00ednh c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n 10. <\/strong>Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c; h\u1ecd che khu\u1ea5t dung nhan th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i Tin M\u1eebng. <\/a>[12]<\/a><\/sup> Nh\u00e2n danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Thay v\u00ec loan b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u00e1o o\u00e1n, gieo s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng, hay t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 Cha \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u00edn th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mang \u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian \u2013 v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00f3, hay t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? <\/a>[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n 11. <\/strong>L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta cam k\u1ebft b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 Anh C\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: Kinh Tin K\u00ednh nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Kyrios<\/em>), l\u00e0 Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cv\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cv\u00ec ch\u00fang ta\u201d ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, m\u1edf ra cho ch\u00fang ta con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi qua cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 L\u00ean Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u hy sinh \u2014 \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u2014 \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 (x. Mt 7,13\u201314). S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi\u201d (x. Cv 19,9.23; 22,4.14\u201315.22), ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 (x. Ga 14,6). B\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 (divinization) qua ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. <\/a>[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n N\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u2013 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y (x. 1 Ga 4,20). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho tha nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh; c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho tha nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y\u00eau k\u1ebb th\u00f9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u201canh h\u00f9ng t\u00ednh\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang ta. Trong vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111i ngang qua h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (x. Mt 25,31\u201346). \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u00ean tai, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nghi ng\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua ch\u00fang ta. <\/a>[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n 12. <\/strong><\/strong>Sau c\u00f9ng, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 h\u00f4m nay v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u2013 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II. <\/a>[16]<\/a> Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Ut Unum Sint – \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t (25 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1995). Theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa I, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong 60 n\u0103m qua. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda v\u00e0 tr\u00ean Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n duy nh\u1ea5t mang t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; c\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Con th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4; v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 chung cho Tin M\u1eebng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia ch\u00fang ta! <\/a>[17]<\/a><\/sup> Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e2u x\u00e9 b\u1edfi bao xung \u0111\u1ed9t, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quy chi\u1ebfu cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng: hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong Ba Ng\u00f4i, Ba Ng\u00f4i trong hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t; b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tan v\u1ee1. N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng Ba Ng\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u201cho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i kia\u201d, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u201cc\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy t\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u201cquay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra chia r\u1ebd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb cho nhau nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gia s\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ngh\u00e8o \u0111i; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Nic\u00eaa, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, d\u00e0i l\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang: c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa\u2013Constantinopolis di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n V\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y kh\u1ea9n xin Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa,<\/strong> Ch\u00fang con c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 linh h\u1ee9ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, L\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa,<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 \u00edch, L\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ea5ng An \u1ee6i th\u1ea7n linh, su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p,<\/strong> L\u1ea1y T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con,<\/strong> T\u1ea1i Vatican, ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025, LEO PP. XIV<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/a> [1] L. H. Westra, The Apostles\u2019 Creed. Origin, History and Some Early Commentaries, Turnhout 2002 (Instrumenta patristica et mediaevalia, 43).\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [2] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa I, Expositio fidei: CC COGD 1, Turnhout 2006, 19 6\u20138.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [3] Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Alexandria, Contra Arianos, I, 9, 2 (ed. Metzler, Athanasius Werke, I\/1,2, Berlin\u2013New York 1998, 117\u2013118). <\/a> [4] Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Alexandria, Contra Arianos, I, 38, 7 \u2013 39, 1: ed. Metzler, Athanasius Werke, I\/1,2, 148\u2013149.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [5] Th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Alexandria, De incarnatione Verbi, 54, 3: SCh 199, Paris 2000, 458; <\/a> [6] X. th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, T\u1ef1 th\u00fa, I, 1: CCSL 27, Turnhout 1981, 1.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [7] Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, In Symbolum Apostolorum, art. 12: ed. Spiazzi, Thomae Aquinatis, Opuscula theologica, II, Taurini\u2013Romae 1954, 217.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [8] Th\u00e1nh Basili\u00f4, De Spiritu Sancto, 30.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [9] Th\u00e1nh Hilari\u00f4, Contra Arianos, vel Auxentium, 6. <\/a> [10] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Constantinopolis I, Expositio fidei: CC, Conc. Oec. Gen. Decr. 1, 57 20\u201324. <\/a> [11] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Calcedonia, Definitio fidei: CC, Conc. Oec. Gen. Decr. 1, 137 393\u2013138 411.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [12] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican\u00f4 II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gaudium et spes, 19: AAS 58 (1966), 1039.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [13] X. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019 (24.05.2015), 67; 78; 124: AAS 107 (2015), 873\u2013874; 878; 897.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [14] X. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Gaudete et Exsultate (19.03.2018), 92: AAS 110 (2018), 1136.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [15] X. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti (03.10.2020), 67; 254: AAS 112 (2020), 992\u2013993; 1059.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [16] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican\u00f4 II, S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Unitatis Redintegratio, 1: AAS 57 (1965), 90\u201391.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a> [17] Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Ut Unum Sint (25.05.1995), 20: AAS 87 (1995), 933.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/leo-xiv\/en\/apost_letters\/documents\/20251123-in-unitate-fidei.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00f4ng Th\u01b0 In Unitate Fidei \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo XIV ban h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1700 n\u0103m C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nic\u00eaa (325\u20132025), C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chung \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, n\u01a1i Kinh Tin K\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u2013 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"2","parallax":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"bottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_comment_section":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-15633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-lieu-van-kien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15633"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gdvsdt.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=15633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nCh\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n
\nv\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang con ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9
\nn\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa,
\n\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (homoo\u00fasios) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha.
\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang con kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.<\/p>\n
\nxin canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh qua t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.
\nXin gi\u00fap ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y
\nv\u00e0 lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu,
\n\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
\nxin \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n,
\nv\u1edbi l\u1eeda \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa,
\n\u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00fang con,
\n\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp l\u00ean n\u01a1i ch\u00fang con ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng,
\n\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y n\u01a1i ch\u00fang con l\u1eeda m\u1ebfn y\u00eau.<\/p>\n
\nxin hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 con tim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu.
\nXin \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
\nxin quy t\u1ee5 ch\u00fang con v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.
\nXin ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang con nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i,
\n\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa,
\nch\u00fang con tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang con l\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4:
\nm\u1ed9t<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gian tin.
\nAmen.<\/p>\n
\nL\u1ec5 Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 Vua V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
\nCH\u00da TH\u00cdCH<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n
\nT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Athanasi\u00f4 trong Contra Arianos I, 9, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng homoo\u00fasios kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3\u201d v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con.
\nB\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Latinh c\u1ee7a homoo\u00fasios v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 unius substantiae cum Patre \u2013 \u201cc\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n
\nC\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Contra Arianos, I, 39; 42; 45; II, 59tt.: ed. Metzler, Athanasius Werke, I\/1,2, 149; 152; 154\u2013155; 235tt.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n
\nGhi nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean b\u00e1c \u2013 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0 nay l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u2013 John Henry Newman (1801\u20131890) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh sensus fidei (c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin) c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef Kinh Tin K\u00ednh Nic\u00eaa. X. On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine (1859).\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n
\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cb\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con m\u00e0 ra (Filioque)\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Constantinopolis; c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Latinh c\u1ee7a Kinh Tin K\u00ednh b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 VIII n\u0103m 1014 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.\ud83e\udc69<\/a><\/p>\n